Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.How often one hears child

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

The sea is the common property of all nations. It belongs equally to all. None can appropriate it exclusively to themselves；nor is it “foreign” to any. This was the decision of John Marshall, chief justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835. It was stated as a fundamental rule the sea that no one, and therefore everyone, owns the ocean. This means that outside territorial waters(the waters within three miles of a country's coast), the law is whatever nations agree on in peacetime and whatever the strongest naval powers can enforce in wartime. After the United States purchased Alaska, Americans began to seize Canadians who were hunting seals outside Alaskan territorial waters. The Americans claimed that the seals were American property because they often came in to the Alaskan shores owned by the United States. International arbitrators disagreed with this reasoning. In some cases, however, the special rights of a nation that makes use of an open-sea area are recognized.

All of the sea's rules of the road are established by international conferences and treaties.

The fundamental rule of the sea means that______.

A. the sea should be equally divided among all the nations in the world

B. any area of the sea belongs to the nation closest to it

C. no nation has any sea rights

D. no nation has exclusive right to the open sea

Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

Among the company was a lawyer, a young man of about twenty-five. On being asked his opinion, he said, "Capital punishment and life imprisonment are equally immoral. If I were to make a choice between them, I would rather choose the latter Anyway, it's better to live than not to live at all."

A lively discussion followed. A banker, who was then younger and more nervous than the lawyer, suddenly lost his temper and cried out, "It's a lie. I bet you two million .You wouldn't stick in a cell even for five years."

"If you mean it," replied the young lawyer, "I bet I'll stay there longer; make it fifteen instead of five."

"Fifteen! Done!" cried the banker. "Gentleman, I bet you two millions."

"Agreed. Two millions for my freedom," said the lawyer.

So this wild, ridiculous bet came to pass. The banker could not hide his excitement During supper he said to the lawyer jokingly, "Come to your senses, young man, before it's too late. Two millions are nothing to me, but you stand to lose three or four of the best years of your life. I say three or four because you'll never stick it out any longer Don't forget that voluntary imprisonment is much harder to put up with than a enforced one. The idea that you have the right to free yourself any moment will poison your life in the cell. I pity you."

And now the banker, pacing from comer to comer, recalled all this and asked himself, "Why did I make this bet？ What's the good？ The lawyer lost fifteen years of hi life and I threw away two millions. Will it convince people that capital punishment is worse or better than imprisonment for life？ No, no! Rubbish! On my part, it was the caprice （心血来潮） of a well-fed millionaire; on the lawyer's part, it's the pure greed c gold."

21．The lawyer would choose life imprisonment because.

A.he was younger than the banker

B.capital punishment was immoral

C.it was better than capital punishment

D. the banker would give him $200,000

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

Every artist knows in his heart that he is saying something to the public. Not only does he want so say it well，but he wants it to be something which has not been said before. He hopes the public will listen and understand-he wants to teach them. and he wants them to learn from him. What visual artists like painters want to teach is easy to make out but difficult to explain，because painters translate their experiences into shapes and colors，not words. They seem to feel that a certain selection of shapes and colors，out of the countless billions possible，is exceptionally interesting for them and worth showing to us. Without their work we should never have noticed these particular shapes and colors，or have felt the delight which they brought to the artist. Most artists take their shapes and colors from the world of nature and from human bodies in motion and repose：their choices indicate that these aspects of the world are worth looking at，that they contain beautiful sights. Contemporary artists might say that they merely choose subjects that provide an interesting pattern，that there is nothing more in it. Yet even they do not choose entirely without reference to the character of their subjects. If one painter chooses to paint a gangrenous(生坏疽的)leg and another a lake in moonlight，each of them is directing our attention to a certain aspect of the world. Each painter is telling us something，showing us something，emphasizing something-all of which mean that，consciously or unconsciously，he is trying to teach us.

All artists are common in that______.

A. they use shapes and colors instead of words

B. they are trying to teach the public

C. what they want to teach is difficult to explain

D. they want to learn from the public

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

Your passport is your official identification as an American citizen. In America，most people never consider obtaining a passport unless they are planning a trip out of the country. In Europe, where travel from one country to another is much more common，almost everyone carries a passport. A passport is final proof of identity in almost every country in the world.

In 1979 almost 15 million Americans held passports. Most of these passports were obtained to travel outside the country because，except for a few Western nations。passports are required to enter every country. And if you travel abroad，you must have a valid passport to reenter the country.

When traveling abroad，you will need a passport for identification when exchanging dollars for francs or marks or other foreign currency. You may also need your passport to use a credit card，buy an airplane ticket or check into a hotel. As a passport is an official U. S. document. it is valuable as identification in any emergency cases，such as floods，fires，or war.

Don't confuse passports and visas. Whereas a passport is issued by a country to its citizens. a visa is official permission to visit a country granted by the government of that country. For some years，many countries were dropping their visa requirements，but that trend has reversed. Argentina，Brazil，and Venezuela now require visas from U. S. citizens. They may be obtained from the embassy of the country you wish to visit.

Passport applications are available at passport agency offices in large cities like Boston，New York，or Chicago. In smaller cities，applications are available at post offices and at federal courts. To get your first passport，you must submit the application in person. along with a birth certificate and two pictures.

The main purpose of this passage is to______.

A. discuss traveling in other countries

B. distinguish between passports and visas

C. discuss the financial uses of a passport

D. provide information about passports

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisement have appealed to people's desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers' money.

Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago, a brand of bread was offered to dieters(节食者)with the message that there were fewer calories(热量单位, 卡)in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic(适合于节食的), but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin. but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.

On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer's real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising.

Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it？ Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumer still controls the final buying decision.

Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless product by______.

A. stressing their high quality

B. convincing him of their low price

C. maintaining a balance between quality and price

D. appealing to his buying motives

Section B

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a sin-gle line through the centre.

Passage OneQuestions 57 t0 61 are based on the following passage.

Children leam almost nothing from television, and the more they watch the less they remember. They regard television purely as entertainment, resent programs that demand on them and are surprised that anybody should take the medium seriously. Far from being over-excited by programs, they are mildly bored with the whole thing.These are the main conclusions from a new study of children and television. The author Cardiac Cullingford confirms that the modem child is a dedicated viewer. The study suggests that there is little point in the later hours. More than a third of the children regularly watch their favorite programs afier 9 p.m. All ll-year-olds have watched programs afier midnight.

Apart from the obvious waste of time involved, it seems that all this viewing has little effect. Children don't pay close attention, says Cullingford, and they can recall few details. They can remember exactly which programs they have seen but they can rarely explain the elements of a particular plot. Recall was in "reverse proportion to the amount they had watched". It is precisely because television, unlike a teacher, demands so little attention and response that children like it, argues Cullingford. Programs seeking to put over senous messages are strongly disliked. So are people who frequently talk on screen. What children like most, and remember best, are the advertisements. They see them as short programs in their own right and particularly enjoy humorous presentation. But again, they react strongly against high-pressure advertisements that attempt openly to influence them.

On the other hand. they are not emotionally involved in the programs. If they admire the stars, it is because the actors lead glamorous Iives and eam a lot of money, not because of their fictional skills with fast cars and shooting villains (忍棍 ). They are perfectly clear about the functions of advefiisements; by the age of 12, only one in ten children believe what even favorite ads say about the product. And says Cullingford, educational television is probably least successful of all in imparting attitudes or information.

57. The study of children and television implies that _.

A. delaying TV programs to the later hours seems to be useless

B. watching TV until midnight is especially harmful to children

C. children should shorten their time on TV programs

D. children are supposed to Ieam a Iot from television programs

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

When your parents advise you to “get an education” in order to raise your income，they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society，but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.

Get a high school diploma，at least. Without that，you will be occupationally dead unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison，and you can successfully dropout in grade school.

Get a college degree，if possible. With a B. A. ，you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a master's degree，make sure it is an M. B. A. ，and is famous. Law of diminishing returns begins to take effect.

Do you know，for instance，that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full professors？ Yes，the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $ 24，000. While the full professors managed to earn just $ 23，030.

A Ph. D. is the highest degree you can get. Except for a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes，if you pursue such a degree in any other field，you will face a dim future. There are more Ph. D. s unemployed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world.

If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or-worst of all-in philosophy. you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs，mind you，but for our demands.

Thousands of Ph. D. s are selling shoes，driving cars，waiting on table，and endlessly filling out applications month after month. They may also take a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns.

You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough，that is，to make you useful to the gross national product. but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.

According to the writer，what the society expects of education is to turn out people who______.

A. will not be a disgrace to society

B. will become loyal citizens

C. can take care of themselves

D. can meet the nation's demands as a source of manpower

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

As a person who writes about food and drink for a living, I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.

I hate tipping.

I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.

Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.

One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.

So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more up-front for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do drunken math.

46.What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage？

A.He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.

B.He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.

C.He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.

D.He lives comfortably without getting any tips.

47.What is the main reason why the author hates tipping？A.It sets a bad example for other industries.

B.It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.

C.It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.

D.It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.

48.Why do many people love tipping according to the author？A.They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.

B.They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.

C.They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.

D.They can have some say in how much their servers earn.

49.What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey？A.Service quality has little effect on tip size.

B.It is in human nature to try to save on tips.

C.Tips make it more difficult to please customers.

D.Tips benefit the boss rather than the employees.

50.What does the author argue for in the passage？A.Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.

B.Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.

C.Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.

D.Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！