The Framingham Heart Study starting from 1948 ______.A．expanded its research topicsB．invol

an also spread. A friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. And a friend of that friend was 25% more likely to do the same. Earlier findings showed that happiness, fatness and the ability to stop smoking can also grow like infections within social groups. The findings all come from a major health study in the American town of Framingham, Massachusetts.

The study began in 1948 to investigate the causes of heart disease. Since then, more tests have been added, including measures of loneliness and depression.

The new findings involved more than 5,000 people in the second generation of the Framingham Heart Study. The researchers examined friendship histories and reports of loneliness. The results established a pattern that spread as people reported fewer close friends.

For example, loneliness can affect relationships between next-door neighbors. The loneliness spreads as neighbors who were close friends now spend less time together. The study also found that loneliness spreads more easily among women than men.

Researchers from the University of Chicago, Harvard and the University of California, San Diego, did the study. The findings appeared last month in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

The average person is said to experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year. The study found that having a lonely friend can add about 17 days. But every additional friend can decrease loneliness by about 5%, or two and a half days.

Lonely people become less and less trusting of others. This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friends—and more likely that society will reject them.

John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago led the study. He says it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness. He says people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks.

The aim should be to aggressively create what he calls a "protective barrier" against loneliness. This barrier, he says, can keep the whole network from coming apart.

Besides loneliness, which of the following can also spread among people？

A．Friendship.

B．Happiness.

C．Depression.

D．Smoking.

A.NIHSS评分

B.改良Framingham评估

C.Glasgow评分

D.ABCD 系列评分

E.ssen评分

A.收缩压>=140mmHg或舒张压>=90mmHg

B.收缩压=90mmHg

C.收缩压=140mmHg或舒张压<=90mmHg

据Framingham研究，对于40岁以上的人群，发生心衰的终身风险高达（)。

A.0.15

B.0.2

C.0.25

D.0.3

A、美国糖尿病协会的评价方法

B、健康年龄评估

C生活质量评估

D、美国卡特中心的评价方法

E、FrAminghAm冠心病风险评估模型

A.AMD是世界三大致盲性眼病

B.Framingham眼病研究显示，65、70、75岁年龄段的AMD发病率分别为2.5%、6.7%和10.8%

C.AMD的发病原理目前已清晰

D.AMD通常为双眼发病，但发病时间有前后

A.肥胖是显著、独立的心血管疾病危险因素

B.肥胖是预测猝死、中风、充血性心衰、冠心病等的长期危险因素

C.预测值与血压、吸烟与否、左心室肥大或糖耐量改变无关

D.预测值与年龄、血浆胆固醇水平有关

A、检出偏倚

B、易感性偏倚

C、奈曼偏倚

D、伯克森偏倚

E、排除偏倚

A.检出偏倚

B.易感性偏倚

C.奈曼偏倚

D.伯克森偏倚

E.排出偏倚