Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount o

听力原文：M: Do you know Joe Brown's number？

W: No, but you can look it up in the telephone book.

How can the man find Mr. Brown's phone number？

A．By referring to the receptionist.

B．By calling the telephone operator.

C．By asking his friend.

D．By finding it in the phone book.

听力原文：M: Do you know what Henry's phone number is？

W: Oh, Henry's phone number？ I don't have my address book on me... hmmm... I can't think of it right off hand.

Q: What does the woman mean？

(8)

A．She lost Henry's number.

B．She forgot to write Henry's number on her hand back.

C．She doesn't know Henry's number.

D．She can't remember Henry's number.

Man: Do you know Jason's phone number？

Woman: ______

Man: OK. I might as well look it up in the phone book.

A．Just a second.

B．Not that I know of.

C．I can't think of it now.

D．Why ask？

There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from GeorgeA. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number, Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.

When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, we are able to keep a memory alive. Un- fortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, you might attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before you get the opportunity to make your phone call, you will forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.

Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often However, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more clues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization. (426)

The underlined word "elapses" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

A．passes

B．adds up

C．appears

D．continues

Man: Do you know Jason's phone number？

Woman: ______

Man: OK. I might as well look it up in the phone book.

A．Just a second.

B．Not that I know of.

C．I can't think of it now.

D．Why ask？

Which sound can most people's ears pick up？

A．Sounds of 15,000 hertz.

B．Sounds of 20,200 hertz.

C．Sounds of 30,000 hertz.

D．Sounds of 50,000 hertz.

听力原文： Phone books have white, blue and yellow pages. The white pages list people with phones by last name. The blue pages contain numbers of city services, government services, and public schools. Business and professional services are listed in special classified directory—the Yellow Pages.

The area covered by one area code may be small or large. For example, New York City has one area code, but so does the whole state of Oregon. There is an area code map Of the U.S. and Canada in. the front of the white pages.

Pay phones have numbers in the U. S. This means you can arrange to call a friend at a phone booth. If you are making a long distance call and run out of money, give the number on your phone to the person you're talking to. Then hang up the receiver and they can call you back.

If you make a long-distance call and get a wrong number, call the operator and explain what happened. This means that you can make the call again to the right number without having to pay more money; or you can have the phone company mail you a credit coupon that has the same value as the phone call.

(30)

A．Family phone numbers.

B．Government service phone numbers.

C．Business phone numbers.

D．Professional services phone numbers.

If you run out of money when making a long distance call______.

A．you can tell the one on the phone your phone number and wait to be called back

B．you can tell the one on the phone your number, hold on and wait to be called back

C．you must hang up and stop making any calls

D．you have to run out and borrow some money

There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modem theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.

When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, we are able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, you might attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before you get the opportunity to make your phone call, you will forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.

Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often. However, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more clues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization. (426)

The underlined word "elapses" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to "______."

A．passes

B．adds tip

C．appears

D．continues

Attitude Towards New Technology

Telecommunications is just one of the means by which people communicate and, such as, we need to look at telecommunications and any other communications technologies within the wider context of human communication activity.

Early findings show that many people are uneasy and even fearful of information technology. They seldom use it or simply avoid it.

To obtain this type of data we have spent time with individuals, watching how they communicate, where they get confused, what they don't understand, and the many mistakes they make. You can do this type of research yourself in an informal way. Just watch someone at the desk next to you trying to use a phone or trying to fill in a form. What you will quickly notice about people on the phone is that they use very few of the buttons available on the keypad(键区) ,and they get quite anxious if they have to use any buttons outside their normal ones. Most will not use the instruction book, and those that do will not necessarily have a rewarding experience. Watch someone fill out a form, such as an application form. or a tax form, and you will see a similar pattern of distressed behaviour.

The simple fact we can all observe from how people use these ordinary instruments of everyday communication is how messy, uncertain and confusing the experience can be. From getting up in the morning until you go to bed at night, you can always encounter people getting confused over the use of new technology. Even watching television, which for many provides an antidote(解药) to the daily confusion, is itself filled with a kind of low level confusion. For example, if you ring people up five minutes after the evening news has finished and ask them what the news was about, many cannot remember, and those who do remember get some of it wrong.

One of the reasons why this obvious confusion has gone unnoticed is that "communication As a word we associate with success, and therefore we expect the process to work effectively most of the time. To suggest otherwise is to. challenge one of our society's most deeply held beliefs.

According to the passage, how can you learn that many people are uneasy about information technology？

A．By asking people to watch TV.

B．By asking people to do research.

C．By watching people getting up early in the morning.

D．By watching people using information technology.