题干：Most episodes of absent-mindedness--forgetting where you left something or wondering

A. Propranolol

B. Nitroglycerin

C. Sodium nitroprusside

D. Nifedipine

E. Isosorbide dinitrate

A．The patient demonstrates an increase in level of consciousness．

B．The patient exhibits improved skin integrity．

C．The patient experiences no evident signs ofbleeding．

D．The patient verbalize decreased episodes of pain．

Part Ⅰ Writing（2016年6月英语四级卷三试题及答案）

Directions:

1.【题干】For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

根据下列文章，回答36～40题。

The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenthcentury New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “so much important attached to intellectual pursuits.” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.

To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church—important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.

The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.

We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope—all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churches.

Meanwhile , many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . “Our main end was to catch fish. ”

第 36 题 The author holds that in the seventeenthcentury New England

A．Puritan tradition dominated political life.

B．intellectual interests were encouraged.

C．politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.

D．intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.

To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church—important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.

The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.

We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope—all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churches.

Meanwhile , many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . “Our main end was to catch fish. ”

第36题：The author holds that in the seventeenthcentury New England

A．Puritan tradition dominated political life.

B．intellectual interests were encouraged.

C．politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.

D．intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.

It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually lose their position, often quickly and brutally. Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europe's biggest technology success stories, was no _____(37), losing its market share in just a few years.

In 2007, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales _____(38). But consumers' preferences were already _____(39)toward touch-screen smartphone. With the introduction of Apple's iPhone in the middle of that year, Nokia's market share _____(40)rapidly and revenue plunged. By the end of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft.

What sealed Nokia's fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO, which he _____(41)in October 2010. Each day that Elop spent in charge of Nokia, the company's market value declined by $23 million, making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history.

But Elop was not the only person at _____(42). Nokia's board resisted change, making it impossible for the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most _____(43), Jorma Ollila, who had led Nokia's transition from an industrial company to a technology giant, was too fascinated by the company's _____(44)success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness.

The company also embarked on a _____(45)cost-cutting program, which included the elimination of thousands of jobs. This contributed to the _____(46)of the company's once-spirited culture, which had motivated employees to take risks and make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia's sense of vision and direction with them. Not surprisingly, much of Nokia's most valuable design and programming talent left as well.

37.【题干】_____

A.assumed假定的;承担

B.bias偏见

C.desperate令人绝望的

D.deterioration恶化

E.exception例外

F.fault错误

G.incidentally偶然地

H.notably显著地

I.previous之前的

J.relayed转播的

K.shifting改变

L.shrank缩减 shrink过去式

M.subtle微妙的

N.transmitting传送

O.worldwide全世界的

38.【题干】_____

A.assumed

B.bias

C.desperate

D.deterioration

E.exception

F.fault

G.incidentally

H.notably

I.previous

J.relayed

K.shifting

L.shrank

M.subtle

N.transmitting

O.worldwide

39.【题干】_____

A.assumed

B.bias

C.desperate

D.deterioration

E.exception

F.fault

G.incidentally

H.notably

I.previous

J.relayed

K.shifting

L.shrank

M.subtle

N.transmitting

O.worldwide

40.【题干】_____

A.assumed

B.bias

C.desperate

D.deterioration

E.exception

F.fault

G.incidentally

H.notably

I.previous

J.relayed

K.shifting

L.shrank

M.subtle

N.transmitting

O.worldwide

41.【题干】_____

A.assumed

B.bias

C.desperate

D.deterioration

E.exception

F.fault

G.incidentally

H.notably

I.previous

J.relayed

K.shifting

L.shrank

M.subtle

N.transmitting

O.worldwide

42.【题干】_____

A.assumed

B.bias

C.desperate

D.deterioration

E.exception

F.fault

G.incidentally

H.notably

I.previous

J.relayed

K.shifting

L.shrank

M.subtle

N.transmitting

O.worldwide

43.【题干】_____

A.assumed

B.bias

C.desperate

D.deterioration

E.exception

F.fault

G.incidentally

H.notably

I.previous

J.relayed

K.shifting

L.shrank

M.subtle

N.transmitting

O.worldwide

44.【题干】_____

A.assumed

B.bias

C.desperate

D.deterioration

E.exception

F.fault

G.incidentally

H.notably

I.previous

J.relayed

K.shifting

L.shrank

M.subtle

N.transmitting

O.worldwide

45.【题干】_____

A.assumed

B.bias

C.desperate

D.deterioration

E.exception

F.fault

G.incidentally

H.notably

I.previous

J.relayed

K.shifting

L.shrank

M.subtle

N.transmitting

O.worldwide

46.【题干】_____

A.assumed

B.bias

C.desperate

D.deterioration

E.exception

F.fault

G.incidentally

H.notably

I.previous

J.relayed

K.shifting

L.shrank

M.subtle

N.transmitting

O.worldwide

A.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

B.Ulysses

C.Dubliners

D.Finnegan's Wake

Question 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

If you think a high-factor sunscreen(防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong. Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.

There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas—the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer. A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun protection—not sunscreen—seemed most beneficial. The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.

Many people also don't use sunscreen properly-applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long. It is sunburn that is most worrying-recent shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.

The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign. So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on(抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.

1.What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen？

A.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.

B.It will protect them from sunburn.

C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.

D.It will work for people of any skin color.

2.What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen？

A.It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.

B.It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.

C.It is ineffective with long-term exposure.

D.It is ineffective for people with fair skin.

3.What do we learn from the 2011Australian study of 1,621 people？

A.Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.

B.High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.

C.Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.

D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.

4.What does the author say about the second Australian study？

A.It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.

B.It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.

C.It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.

D.It confirms the results of the first Australian study.

5.What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates？

A.Using both covering up and sunscreen.

B.Staying in the shade whenever possible.

C.Using covering up instead of sunscreen.

D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.

‍‍that the war against many of our most devastating diseases is, at best, a holding operation more than __6__an inevitable triumph‍‍