题目
In America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry. Consumers acting rationally ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service. Tips should not exist. So why do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality. The better the service, the bigger the tip.
Such explanations no doubt explain the purported origin of tipping—in the 16th century, boxes in English taverns carried the phrase "To Insure Promptitude" (later just "TIP"). But according to new research from Cornell University, tipping no longer serves any useful function.
The paper analyses data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants. The correlation between larger tips and better service was very weak: only a tiny part of the variability in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service. Customers who rated a meal as "excellent" still tipped anywhere between 8% and 37% of the meal price.
Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom has become institutionalized: it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In a New York restaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean abuse from the waiter. Hairdressers can expect to get 15-20%, the man who delivers your groceries $2. In Europe, tipping is less common; in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being replaced by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all.
How to account for these national differences? Look no further than psychology. According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper's co-author, countries in which people are more extrovert, sociable or neurotic tend to tip more. Tipping relieves anxiety about being served by strangers. And, says Mr. Lynn, "In America, where people are outgoing and expressive, tipping is about social approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance to show off." Icelanders, by contrast, do not usually tip—a measure of their introversion, no doubt.
While such explanations may be crude, the hard truth seems to be that tipping does not work. It does not benefit the customer. Nor, in the case of restaurants, does it actually stimulate the waiter, or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff. Service people should "just be paid a decent wage" which may actually make economic sense.
Which is tree according to the passage?
A.It is regulated that the customers must pay a tip if they want to get good service.
B.There exists the tipping custom in each country.
C.In some countries, tipping has become an industry.
D.More and more people are in favor of tipping.
第1题
The story ______, and everybody knows about it.
A.has got round B.got round
C.was got round D.has been got round
第2题
The new plan is () and everybody present agrees with it.
A、feasible
B、adventure
C、appendix
D、camel
第3题
A:Everybody in the city is very careful about SARS、B:of course、(),they will be infected with it.
A、 If not
B、 However
C、 If so
D、 Besides
第4题
听力原文:W: Is that math course really as hard as everybody says?
M: Worse, believe it or not.
Q: What does the man say about the course?
(15)
A.It's hard to know what to believe about it.
B.He doesn't believe it's hard for everybody.
C.It's even harder than people say.
D.It's not as hard as he'd thought.
第5题
Everybody seems to enjoy ______.
A.himself
B.herself
C.themselves
D.ourselves
第7题
Man: Everybody's helping out with the dinner. Would you make the salad?
Woman: Anything but that.
Question: What does the woman mean?
A.She does not want any salad.
B.She will make the salad.
C.She wants some salad.
D.She'd rather do some other jobs.
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