The new mayor must deal with many（)problems.A. superficialB. complexC. goodD. happy

A.You must be kidding!

B.You guess.

C.I don’ t guess!

D.No problem.

When Bill de Blasio ran for New York City mayor last year, he promised to end a controversial （有争议的）, citywide cell-phone ban（禁令）in public schools, which is not equally enforced in all schools. Now, under his leadership, the city is preparing to end the ban. It will be replaced by a policy that allows phones inside schools but tells students to keep them packed away during class.

Many schools have a rule about enforcing the ban that says, “If we don't see it, we don't know about it.” That means teachers are OK with students bringing in cell phones, as long as they stay out of sight and inside bags and pockets.

But at the 88 city schools with metal detectors, die ban has been strictly enforced. The detectors were installed to keep weapon out of schools，but the scanners（扫描器）can also detect cell phones. So students at these schools must leave their phones at home or pay someone to store it for them.

The ban was put into place in 2007 under mayor Michael Bloomberg. Ending the ban will also likely end an industry that has sprung up near dozens of the schools that enforce the ban. Workers in vans（厢式货车）that resemble food tracks store teens' cell phones and Other devices for a dollar a day,

Critics of the ban say cell phones are important safety devices for kids during an emergency. They also say that enforcement of the ban is uneven and discriminatory. Where the ban is enforced, it puts a disadvantage on students who can't afford to pay to store their phones.

Before putting an official end to the cell-phone ban, city education officials are working on creating a new policy. It will include rules about not using the phones during class or to cheat on tests.

1. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage？

A. New York City will give financial aid to poor students.

B. New York City plans to restrict cell phone use in libraries.

C. New York City plans to install metal detectors in all public schools.

D. New York City will soon end a ban on cell phones in schools.

2. Students pay___________ a day to leave their cell phones in a van parked near their school.

A. a dollar

B. two dollars

C. five dollars

D. ten dollars

3. Metal detectors were installed in 88 city schools, mainly to keep ___________ out of schools.

A. cell phones

B. weapons

C. alcohol

D. drugs

4. The word discriminatory in Paragraph 5 probably means ___________.

A. necessary

B. tough

C. strict

D. unfair

5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE？

A. After the cell-phone ban is ended, students can use their phones during class.

B. The cell-phone ban is equally enforced in all public schools.

C. The cell-phone ban was put into place in 2008 under Mayor Bill de Blasio.

D. A phone-storage industry has appeared outside the 88 metal-detector campuses.

A.A. It must be interesting working for the government.

B.B. I've worked for the government for almost seven years.

C.C. You started as an assistant in the mayor' s office right after college？

Passage Two(2016年6月英语四级卷2真题及答案)

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

The most important thing in the news last week was the rising discussion in Nashville about the educational needs of children. The shorthand(简写)educators use for this is "pre-K"—meaning instruction before kindergarten—and the big idea is to prepare 4-year-olds and even younger kids to be ready to succeed on their K-12 journey.

But it gets complicated. The concept has multiple forms, and scholars and policymakers argue about the shape, scope and cost of the ideal program.

The federal Head Start program, launched 50 years ago, has served more than 30 million children. It was based on concepts developed at Vanderbilt University's Peabody College by Susan Gray, the legendary pioneer in early childhood education research.

A new Peabody study of the Tennessee Voluntary Pre-K program reports that pre-K works, but the gains are not sustained through the third grade. It seems to me this highlights quality issues in elementary schools more than pre-K, and indicates longer-term success must connect pre-K with all the other issues, related to educating a child.

Pre-K is controversial. Some critics say it is a luxury and shouldn't be free to families able to pay. Pre-K advocates insist it is proven and will succeed if integrated with the rest of the child's schooling. I lean toward the latter view.

This is, in any case, the right conversation to be having now as Mayor Megan Barry takes office. She was the first candidate to speak out for strong pre-K programming. The important thing is for all of us to keep in mind the real goal and the longer, bigger picture.

The weight of the evidence is on the side of pre-K that early intervention (干预)works. What government has not yet found is the political will to put that understanding into full practice with a sequence of smart schooling that provides the early foundation.

For this purpose, our schools need both the talent and the organization to educate each child who arrives at the schoolhouse door. Some show up ready, but many do not at this critical time when young brains are developing rapidly.

52.What does the author say about pre-kindergarten education？

A.It should cater to the needs of individual children.

B.It is essential to a person's future academic success.

C.Scholars and policymakers have different opinions about it.

D.Parents regard it as the first phase of children's development.

53.What does the new Peabody study find？

A.Pre-K achievements usually do not last long.

B.The third grade marks a new phase of learning.

C.The third grade is critical to children's development.

D.Quality has not been the top concern of pre-K programs.

54.When does the author think pre-K works the best？

A.When it is accessible to kids of all families.

B.When it is made part of kids' education.

C.When it is no longer considered a luxury.

D.When it is made fun and enjoyable to kids.

55.What do we learn about Mayor Megan Barry？

A.She knows the real goal of education.

B.She is a mayor of insight and vision.

C.She has once run a pre-K program.

D.She is a firm supporter of pre-K.

56.What does the author think is critical to kids' education？

A.Teaching method.

B.Kids' interest.

C.Early intervention.

D.Parents' involvement.

A. You must be kidding!

B. You guess.

C. I don’t guess!

D. No problem.

― My goodness! _______________

― No, I’m serious. I’m going to quit my job.

A. Incredible!

B. You’re kidding!

C. It’s most unexpected!

D. What a surprise.

The town of Brighttown in Euraria has a mayor (elected every five years by the people in the town) who is responsible for, amongst other things, the transport policy of the town.

A year ago, the mayor (acting as project sponsor) instigated a ‘traffic lite’ project to reduce traffic congestion at traffic lights in the town. Rather than relying on fixed timings, he suggested that a system should be implemented which made the traffic lights sensitive to traffic flow. So, if a queue built up, then the lights would automatically change to green (go). The mayor suggested that this would have a number of benefits. Firstly, it would reduce harmful emissions at the areas near traffic lights and, secondly, it would improve the journey times for all vehicles, leading to drivers ‘being less stressed’. He also cited evidence from cities overseas where predictable journey times had been attractive to flexible companies who could set themselves up anywhere in the country. He felt that the new system would attract such companies to the town.

The Eurarian government has a transport regulation agency called OfRoad. Part of OfRoad’s responsibilities is to monitor transport investments and it was originally critical of the Brighttown ‘traffic lite’ project because the project’s benefits were intangible and lacked credibility. The business case did not include a quantitative cost/benefit analysis. OfRoad has itself published a benefits management process which classifies benefits in the following way.

Financial: A financial benefit can be confidently allocated in advance of the project. Thus if the investment will save $90,000 per year in staff costs then this is a financial benefit.

Quantifiable: A quantifiable benefit is a benefit where there is sufficient credible evidence to suggest, in advance, how much benefit will result from the project. This benefit may be financial or non-financial. For example, energy savings from a new building might be credibly predicted in advance. However, the exact amount of savings cannot be accurately forecast.

Measurable benefit: A measurable benefit is a benefit which can only be confidently assessed post-implementation, and so cannot be reliably predicted in advance. Increase in sales from a particular initiative is an example of a measurable benefit. Measurable benefits may either be financial or non-financial.

Observable benefit: An observable benefit is a benefit which a specific individual or group will decide, using agreed criteria, has been realised or not. Such benefits are usually non-financial. Improved staff morale might be an example of an observable benefit.

One month ago, the mayoral elections saw the election of a new mayor with a completely distinct transport policy with different objectives. She wishes to address traffic congestion by attracting commuters away from their cars and onto public transport. Part of her policy is a traffic light system which gives priority to buses. The town council owns the buses which operate in the town and they have invested heavily in buses which are comfortable and have significantly lower emissions than the conventional cars used by most people in the town. The new mayor wishes to improve the frequency, punctuality and convenience of these buses, so that they tempt people away from using their cars. This will require more buses and more bus crews, a requirement which the mayor presents as ‘being good for the unemployment rate in this town’. It will also help the bus service meet the punctuality service level which it published three years ago, but has never yet met. ‘A reduction in cars and an increase in buses will help us meet our target’, the mayor claims.

The mayor has also suggested a number of initiatives to discourage people from taking their cars into the town. She intends to sell two car parks for housing land (raising $325,000) and this will reduce car park capacity from 1,000 to 800 car spaces per day. She also intends to raise the daily parking fee from $3 to $4. Car park occupancy currently stands at 95% (it is difficult to achieve 100% for technical reasons) and the same occupancy rate is expected when the car park capacity is reduced.

The new mayor believes that her policy signals the fact that Brighttown is serious about its green credentials. ‘This’, she says, ‘will attract green consumers to come and live in our town and green companies to set up here. These companies and consumers will bring great benefit to our community.’ To emphasise this, she has set up a Go Green team to encourage green initiatives in the town.

The ‘traffic lite’ project to tackle congestion proposed by the former mayor is still in the development stage. The new mayor believes that this project can be modified to deliver her vision and still be ready on the date promised by her predecessor.

Required:

(a) A ‘terms of reference’ (project initiation document, project charter) was developed for the ‘traffic lite’ project to reduce traffic congestion.

Discuss what changes will have to be made to this ‘terms of reference’ (project initiation document, project charter) to reflect the new mayor’s vision of the project. (5 marks)

(b) The new mayor wishes to re-define the business case for the project, using the benefits categorisation suggested by OfRoad. Identify costs and benefits for the revised project, classifying each benefit using the guidance provided by OfRoad. (14 marks)

(c) Stakeholder management is the prime responsibility of the project manager.

Discuss the appropriate management of each of the following three stakeholders identified in the revised (modified) project.

(i) The new mayor;

(ii) OfRoad;

(iii) A private motorist in Brighttown who uses his vehicle to commute to his job in the town. (6 marks)

阅读以下对话，选择最佳答案填空，请将答案写在答题纸上。

GEORGE: Good afternoon. I'm George Learner.

ASST: Good afternoon, Mr. Learner. I'm Mayor Walker's assistant. The Mayor is expecting you. Please go in

GEORGE: Thank you

GEORGE: Good afternoon, Mayor Walker

MAYOR: Hello. How are you？

GEORGE: Fine, thanks. How are you？

MAYOR: Fine, thanks. What can I do for you？

GEORGE: I'm a reporter. I want to talk _________ the work people do in this town

1.A、about

B、with

C、to

D、for

MAYOR: Fine

GEORGE: How long have you been mayor of Greentown？

MAYOR: Three years.

GEORGE: How many people live in Greentown？

MAYOR: Thirteen thousand.

GEORGE: Let's talk about the work people do. What do they do？

MAYOR: They ______ in small factories. They work in small businesses.

2.A、working

B、works

C、work

D、worked

GEORGE: How many factories do you have？

MAYOR: We have five small factories.

GEORGE: What do they make？

MAYOR: Look at these pictures. See these people？

3.A、See

B、Look

C、Watch

D、Observe

GEORGE: Yes.

MAYOR: They work in the battery factory. They make batteries.

GEORGE: What do they make？

MAYOR: They work in the tire factory. They make tires.

GEORGE: What do they make？

MAYOR: They work in the glass factory. They make windows and windshields.

GEORGE: What do they _________.

4.A、do

B、produce

C、generate

D、make

MAYOR: They make bottles. And they make plastic bags. Come see the town.

GEORGE: Thank you. I'd like that.

MAYOR: Do you see those people？ They work on the roads and streets.

GEORGE: I see. How many teachers do you have？

MAYOR: _________ one hundred. They teach in the schools. Look at that school.

5.A、In

B、For

C、By

D、About

GEORGE: Is it a new school？

MAYOR: Yes, it is. Twenty teachers teach in that school.

GEORGE: Is that a hospital？

MAYOR: Yes, it is. It's small. Twenty-three nurses work in the hospital.

阅读以下对话，选择最佳答案填空

MARTIN: Good afternoon. I'm Martin Learner.

ASST: Good afternoon, Mr. Learner. I'm Mayor Walker’s assistant. The Mayor is expecting you. Please go in.

MARTIN: Thank you.

MARTIN: Good afternoon, Mayor Walker.

MAYOR: Hello. How are you？

MARTIN: Fine, Thanks. How are you？

MAYOR: Fine, thanks. What can I do for you？

MARTIN: I'm a reporter. I want to talk ________ the work people do in this town.

6.A、about B、with C、to D、for

MAYOR: Fine.

MARTIN: How long have you been mayor of Greentown？

MAYOR: Three years.

MARTIN: Bow many people live in Greentown？

MAYOR: Thirteen thousand.

MARTIN: Let's talk about the work people do. What do they do？

MAYOR: They ________ in small factories. They work in small businesses.

7.A、working B、works C、work D、worked

MARTIN: How many factories do you have？

MAYOR: We have five small factories.

MARTIN: What do they make？

MAYOR: Look at these pictures. ________ these people？

8.A、See B、Look C、Watch D、Observe

MARTIN: Yes.

MAYOR: They work in the battery factory. They make batteries.

MARTIN: What do they make？

MAYOR: They work in the tire factory. They make tires.

MARTIN: What do they make？

MAYOR: They work in the glass factory.

MARTIN: What do they ________？

9.A、do B、produce C、generate D、make

MAYOR: They make bottles. And they make plastic bags. Come see the town.

MARTIN: Thank you. I'd like that.

MAYOR: Do you see those people？ They work on the roads and streets.

MARTIN: I see. Bow many teachers do you have？

MAYOR: ________ one hunted. They teach in the schools. Look at that school.

10.A、In B、For C、By D、About

MARTIN: Is it a new school？

MAYOR: Yes, it is. Twenty teachers teach in that school.

MARTIN: Is that a hospital？

MAYOR: Yes, it is. It’s small. Twenty-three nurses work in the hospital.

A new theory __________ before it can be put into practice.

A、must be tested

B、be tested

C、can be tested

D、to be tested